한약성분정보는 ‘운곡본초학 수재 한약재의 화학성분 제 2판(김정훈 외, 도서출판 우석, 2016)’의 내용을 발췌 및 정리하여 게시하였습니다. 해당 한약재에 함유된 성분 중 이차대사산물(secondary metabolites)을 주요 골격으로 구분하여 제시하였습니다 (성분의 골격 분류 방법에는 다양한 의견이 존재함을 일러드립니다).

대황(大黃)류 한약재의 기원 및 유통상황, 한방효능, 형태특징, 감별요점 등은 여기를 참조바랍니다.

written by : Jung-Hoon Kim. Division of Pharmacology, Pusan National Univ.

1. 장엽대황(掌葉大黃): 掌葉大黃 Rheum palmatum L.의 根과 根莖

① Anthraquinones (2.034~2.984%): 유리형 anthraquinones (0.037~1.155%) rhein¹, aloe-emodin¹, emodin¹, physcion¹, chrysophanol¹; 결합형 anthraquinones (1.829~1.997%) pulmatin, physcion-8-O-glucoside, aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, emodin-1-O-glucoside, emodin-8-O-glucoside, rhein-8-O-glucoside, rheinoside A~D, physcion-8-O-β-D-gentiobioside, aloe-emodin-ω-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin diglucoside, aloe-emodin diglucoside, chrysophanol diglucoside, physcionin

② Dianthrones: palmidin A~C, sennidin A~C, rheidin A~C, sennoside A²~D

③ Stilbene glucosides: 3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,4,3′,5′-tetrahydroxystilbene-4-glucopyranoside, 4,3′,5′-trihydroxystilbene-4-(6″-galloyl)-glucopyranoside, 4′-O-methylpiceid, rhapontin

④ Phenolic glucosides: musizin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, 6-hydroxymusizin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-β-D-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-β-D-(6′-oxalyl)-glucoside, rhaponticin

⑤ Butyrophenones: 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, phenylbutanone-glucoside-4-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-butanone-O-glucoside, 6-cinnamoylisolindleyin

⑥ Volatile compounds: 1,2-dimethoxybenzene, 2,3-dimethoxyphenol, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, octanoic acid, dimethylnaphthalene, 1-methoxynaphthalene, trimethoxynaphthalene, hexadecane, palmitic acid, paeonol, α-copaene, methyl stearate, cadinene, methyl eugenol

⑦ Tannins: 1,6-digalloyl-2-cinnamoyl glucose, 1-galloyl-2-cinnamoyl glucose, (+)-catechin-5-O-glucoside, gallic acid-3-O-(6′-O-galloyl)-glucoside, procyanidin B-13′-O-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3′-O-gallate, 2-O-cinnamoyl glucogallin, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate

2. 탕구트대황(唐古特大黃): 唐古特大黃 Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf.의 根과 根莖

① Anthraquinones (6.250%): 유리형 anthraquinones (0.805%) rhein¹, aloe-emodin¹, emodin¹, physcion¹, chrysophanol¹; 결합형 anthraquinones (5.455%) chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside, physcion-8-O-glucoside, emodin-6-O-glucoside, aloe-emodin-8-O-glucoside, rhein-8-O-glucoside, aloe-emodin-ω-O-β-D-glucoside, chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside

② Phenolic glucosides: musizin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-β-D-glucoside

③ Stilbene glucosides: 3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 3,4,3′,5′-tetrahydroxystilbene-4-glucopyranoside, 4,3′,5′-trihydroxystilbene-4-(6″-galloyl)-glucopyranoside

④ Butyrophenones: lindleyin, isolindleyin

⑤ Tannins: 1,6-digalloyl-2-cinnamoyl glucose, 1-galloyl-2-cinnamoyl glucose

3. 약용대황(藥用大黃): 藥用大黃 Rheum officinale Baill.의 根과 根莖

① Anthraquinones (4.490~5.750%): 유리형 anthraquinones (0.267~1.900%) rhein¹, aloe-emodin¹, emodin¹, physcion¹, chrysophanol¹; 결합형 anthraquinones (3.850~4.223%) chrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside, emodin-6-O-β-D-glucoside, aloe-emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, rhein-8-O-β-D-glucoside, aloe-emodin-ω-O-β-D-glucoside

② Phenolic glucosides: musizin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-β-D-glucoside

③ Dianthrones: sennoside A²/B

④ Stilbene glucosides: 3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside

⑤ Chromones: 2,5-dimethyl-7-hydroxybenzopyran-γ-one, 5-carboxy-7-hydroxy-2-methylbenzopyran-γ-one

⑥ Tannins: 1,6-digalloyl-2-cinnamoyl glucose, 1-galloyl-2-cinnamoyl glucose

^1,2센노시드 A(C₄₂H₃₈O₂₀ : 862.74)로서 0.02% 이상 및 알로에에모딘(C₁₅H₁₀O₅ : 270.24), 레인(C₁₅H₈O₆ : 284.23), 에모딘(C₁₅H₁₀O₅ : 270.24), 크리소파놀(C₁₅H₁₀O₄ : 254.25), 파이시온(C₁₆H₁₂O₅ : 284.27)의 합 1.5% 이상을 함유 _{[KP 11]}

¹총 anthraquinone(蒽醌)을 aloeemodin(芦荟大黄素, C₁₅H₁₀O₅), rhein(大黄酸, C₁₅H₈O₆), emodin(大黄素, C₁₅H₁₀O₅), chrysophanol(大黄酚, C₁₅H₁₀O₄)과 physcion(大黄素甲醚, C₁₆H₁₂O₅)의 총량으로서 1.5% 이상 함유하며, 유리 anthraquinone(蒽醌)을 aloeemodin(芦荟大黄素, C₁₅H₁₀O₅), rhein(大黄酸, C₁₅H₈O₆), emodin(大黄素, C₁₅H₁₀O₅), chrysophanol(大黄酚, C₁₅H₁₀O₄)과 physcion(大黄素甲醚, C₁₆H₁₂O₅)의 총량으로서 0.20% 이상 함유. 대황의 음편에서는 유리 anthraquinone을 0.35% 이상 함유 _{[CP 2015]}

¹aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol 및 physcion의 합 1.5% 이상을 함유 _{[THP II]}

¹aloe-emodin(蘆薈大黃素, C₁₅H₁₀O₅), chrysophanol(大黃酚, C₁₅H₁₀O₄), emodin(大黃素, C₁₅H₁₀O₅), physcion(大黃素甲醚, C₁₆H₁₂O₅)과 rhein(大黃酸, C₁₅H₈O₆)의 총량을 1.5% 이상 함유 _{[HKCMMS 2]}

²sennoside(センノシド) A (C₄₂H₃₈O₂₀: 862.74)를 0.25% 이상 함유 _{[JP 17]}

¹안트라키논화합물이 크리쏘판산(C₁₅H₁₀O₄)으로 계산하여 4.0%이상 함유 _{[DP VII]}